Summary
'Effective family-school partnerships are an integral component towards promoting student academic success. However, schools and educators often struggle to develop successful partnerships, particularly with low-income, Black parents. As such, educators and others have created family-school partnership and parent involvement models and frameworks from which to guide practice. However, too often, these models frame involvement and partnership from the point of view of schools and educators as opposed to from the perspective of families. In doing so it assumes that families and schools have shared goals and are working together in a relationship framed in equal power. This school-centric focus fails to acknowledge the historical and present-day power imbalance inherent in relationships between schools and families marginalized and targeted for oppression due to race and ethnicity and the societal social inequities in which they are held. Further, it does not recognize the multitude of ways that parents and families may be supporting their children’s education at home, about which the school may or may not be aware. In addition, family-school partnership frameworks often hold as a primary focus the relationship between teachers and families, losing sight of other relationships that also play an integral role in families’ partnership experience. Further, they do not consider the various influences that are impacting the partnership relationships. Together, this negatively impacts schools’ ability to use family-school partnerships to support best outcomes for all students, suggesting the need for a recalibrated family-school partnership framework.
The shared stories of twelve low-income Black parents at a New York City public elementary school garnered from a qualitative study conducted by the presenter revealed a suggested recalibrated family-school partnership framework – Relationships & Influencing Factors in Family-School Partnerships. This framework includes four primary relationships that play a role within family-school partnerships: parent-child, parent-school, parent-principal, and parent-teacher. It also includes particular influencing factors impacting these four relationships. For the twelve study parents, these influences were the school-based support program; parent demonstrated belief in their role in their child’s education; parent knowledge and opinion of teaching strategies, curriculum, and public education system; and race and ethnicity. Using this suggested framework, schools can apply the aforementioned identified influences or fine-tune them as needed for the school and school community in which the framework is being employed. In this way, a clearer picture of the many relationships and influences that together make up the larger family-school partnership entity will be revealed. In doing so, a more specific investigation and understanding of each is afforded. This more nuanced comprehension will improve schools’ ability to strengthen and make more effective use of family-school partnerships in support of best outcomes for students and their families.
The goal of this workshop is to share this recalibrated framework, why it is needed, and how it supports an anti-oppression, equity, and liberatory-based practice. In doing so, the aim is for school social workers, and other key stakeholders, to strengthen their ability to best guide, promote, and support family-school partnerships in benefit of all students, families, and communities served.'